Type 2 diabetes in the UK.

From Insulin usage in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in UK clinical practice: a retrospective cohort-based analysis using the THIN database:-

"Importantly, this analysis has been conducted using routine data from UK clinical practice, which allows an insight into how patients are managed in current UK practice. In summary, this study demonstrates a persisting delay both in oral therapy escalation and insulin initiations in patients with type 2 diabetes, with a relative reduction in the effectiveness of oral therapy escalation. There is an apparent threshold HbA1C of > 8.5% beyond which additional oral therapy in routine practice appears unlikely to achieve an HbA1C target ≤ 7.0%.
This study thus highlights the need for more timely escalation of glucose-lowering therapy, including insulin initiation, in order to limit unnecessary patient exposure to hyperglycaemia and associated serious consequences, such as macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications."

An HbA1C of 7.0% still results in macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications. If someone develops type 2 diabetes in the UK, the NHS isn't going to save them. They have to save themselves.

See also Having Diabetes and Car Insurance and Applying for a Driving Licence and Informing the DVLA. Basically, developing type 2 diabetes in the UK sucks.

People who have Impaired Glucose Tolerance need to take action to prevent their condition from deteriorating into full-blown Type 2 diabetes. See http://nigeepoo.blogspot.co.uk/search/label/Diabetes.

Low-glycaemic diet seen to reverse diastolic dysfunction of diabetes.

From http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/802947?nlid=30763_1301&src=wnl_edit_dail (Medscape log-in required):-

"Of 32 overweight or obese diabetic patients (mean body-mass index, 34) without cardiac disease who were engaged in a "rehabilitation program in order to lose weight" that included two hours of supervised aerobic exercise per day, half followed a low-glycemic diet (25% carbohydrate, 45% fat, 30% protein) and the other half a low-fat diet (55% carbohydrate, 25% fat, and 20% protein) for three weeks. The diets provided the same amount of calories. Those on the low-fat diet then switched to the low-glycemic diet for an additional two weeks"

"....the two diets led to about the same declines in weight and waist circumference..."

The diet was 25% carbohydrate, 45% fat, 30% protein.
It was a low-carbohydrate/low-glycaemic load diet.
It was not a very-low-carb diet.

Weird filters, Part 2.

Here's that weird picture again.

Why is it that some people see the world through weird cognitive bias filters? It makes discussion with them impossible, as what I write is remixed with weird filters into something completely different. They then argue against something completely different, not what I wrote. This is the classic Straw Man argument.

Here are some more examples of remixing with weird filters:-

"I can eat whatever I want" is remixed into "I can eat as much as I want". I actually meant "there are no banned foods".

"Inject some insulin" is remixed into "Shoot-up insulin to cover the 400g of carbs that I never even mentioned!"

To all intents & purposes, I had T2DM. Another 0.2mmol/L on my fasting serum glucose and I would have been diagnosed as having T2DM. As my fasting serum glucose was slowly increasing, it would have soon gone over 7.0mmol/L, had I not got lucky and fixed the underlying problem.

In January 2003, I had impaired Glucose Tolerance (fasting serum glucose = 6.8mmol/L on one OGTT, and 2 hours post-75g glucose load serum glucose = 8.7mmol/L on another OGTT). A sandwich used to send me to sleep.

By September 2008, I had normal Glucose Tolerance (fasting serum glucose = 5.0mmol/L & 2 hours post-75g glucose load serum glucose = 3.7mmol/L on the same OGTT). I also no longer suffered from hyperinsulinaemic drowsiness. I was approximately the same weight that I was in 2003, so the improvement was not due to weight loss.

P.S. Information about ways to tackle Insulin Resistance can be found in Insulin Resistance: Solutions to problems.

N.B. If someone has a valid medical reason for being on a very-low-carb or ketogenic diet, that's fine by me. I don't think that it's necessary for people with T2DM to be on a very-low-carb or ketogenic diet. In fact, eating more carbohydrate allowed Jason Sandeman to reduce his insulin dose for good BG control.

Dr. Richard K Bernstein on insulin for type 2 diabetics, and some definitions.

Dr. Richard K Bernstein:-

Dr. Richard Bernstein, the world's leading low-carb diabetologist, says in Diabetes: The Basics:-
"Many people (including the parents of diabetic children) view having to use insulin as a last straw, a final admission that they are (or their child is) a diabetic and seriously ill. Therefore they will try anything else - including things that will burn out their remaining beta cells - before using insulin. Many people in our culture have the notion that you cannot be well if you are using medication. This is nonsense, but some patients are so convinced that they must do things the “natural” way that I practically have to beg them to use insulin, which is as “natural” as one can go. In reality, nothing could be more natural. Diabetics who still have beta cell function left may well be carrying their own cure around with them - provided they don’t burn it out with high blood sugars and the refusal to use insulin."

Some definitions:-

From Low-carbohydrate diet:-
"The term "low-carbohydrate diet" is generally applied to diets that restrict carbohydrates to less than 20% of caloric intake, but can also refer to diets that simply restrict or limit carbohydrates."
A typical woman consumes ~2000kcals/day. A typical man consumes ~2,500kcals/day. Therefore...

Very-low-carb diet = <10% energy from carbs ≡ <~50 or ~62.5g carbs/day.
Low-carb diet = <20% energy from carbs ≡ <~100 or ~125g carbs/day.
"Healthy eating" = >55% energy from carbs ≡ >~275 or ~344g carbs/day.

Of roads and rulers.

In the UK, unadopted roads can be well-maintained, or look like this...

Residents of Tennyson Avenue, Thorne, have been battling for years to have their unadopted road repaired. They have now been told that they need to pay £5,300 each for the road to be resurfaced. Pictured back l-r are Russ Clarke, Sue Taylor, Anne Kershaw, and her husband George. Front l-r are Lyn Shadlock, and Paul Willerton. Picture: Liz Mockler D2524LM

The following scenario is made-up. All characters are fictitious and any similarity to anyone living or dead is purely coincidental.

Nigel/Nigella lives on an unadopted road and got fed up riding his/her bicycle on the road as it was full of pot-holes. He/she called a residents meeting and made the following proposal:-

I will organise the repair of our road. I will phone some road repair companies and get them to quote for the repair of our road. I will call another residents meeting to tell you the pros and cons of each company and their quotes. We will then vote to decide which company gets the job. We will all contribute an equal amount to cover the cost of the repair plus a reasonable allowance for me, to cover my time spent.

Two outcomes come to mind.

1) Nigel/Nigella is a charismatic "people-person". All of the residents agree that Nigel/Nigella can organise the repair of the road and on his/her allowance. They later vote for a repairer and pay Nigel/Nigella the monies required. Nigel/Nigella gets the company to repair the road. Everyone is deliriously happy. Nigel/Nigella becomes head of the residents association. Nigel/Nigella becomes Mayor. Nigel/Nigella becomes MP. Nigel/Nigella becomes Prime Minister.

2) Nigel/Nigella is a nerd with poor social skills. One or more of the residents refuses to pay for repair of the road as they drive "Chelsea Tractors" (4x4s) and potholes are not a problem for them. The project is cancelled. Nigel/Nigella vows to not bother trying to make life better for people in future. The road remains full of pot-holes, like the one in the picture above.

The above scenario applies to residential roads. Who maintains non-residential roads? If no-one is in charge, all non-residential roads would need toll-barriers at entrances and exits, to collect monies for their maintenance. Alternatively, everyone pays road/council tax to some authority to cover the cost of road maintenance plus other essential services plus cost of organisation and lets the authority get on with it. "Top-down" authority has its advantages. We pay someone else to sweat the petty stuff.

Many years ago, life was simple. Things got done by individuals and groups of individuals. Nowadays, life is extremely complicated. To make things run relatively smoothly, we have laws, rules & regulations. Some laws, rules & regulations are good and some are stupid. The only way to get rid of the stupid ones is to vote for the person who pledges to abolish the largest number of stupid ones (and introduce the smallest number of new stupid ones) and hope that that person sticks to their pledges if they are elected.

Be afraid. Be very afraid.

Be thankful that we Brits aren't allowed to bear arms, as this would totally happen if we were...

There, their, they're! I think that that's enough silliness for one day.

Expectations, Surprises and Internet eejits.

Expectations:

In mid-July 2007, I noticed that mum was slightly confused. By the beginning of August 2007, mum had become noticeably confused (she locked herself out of her bungalow and two days later, didn't recognise her own living room). I did some research on the internet. As mum already had Parkinson's Disease for a few years, the most likely diagnosis for her increasing confusion was Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). According to the DLB site, the mean survival time was six years from the first onset of symptoms. So, for the last five years and nine months, I've known roughly what was going to happen, how it was going to happen and how & when it was going to end. Sometimes, ignorance is bliss.

Surprises:

Life can be stranger than fiction. When mum divorced dad forty-five years ago, mum got the house as my sister & I were living there and she got child maintenance payments from dad. As a result, dad had nothing to do with mum & me from that day onwards. He still maintained contact with my sister.

Yesterday, while sitting in a solicitor's office, my mobile phone rang. It was my sister. She had tried to phone dad on Monday to inform him of mum's death, but he wasn't answering the phone. She phoned one of dad's family to get them to check on him. He had a fatal heart attack on the same day that mum died. Spooky!

Internet eejits:

1) I received the following email at 04:08 today:-
"Dear Nigeepoo,

Your account on BodyRecomposition Support Forums has been locked because someone has tried to log into the account with the wrong password more than 5 times. You will be able to attempt to log in again in another 15 minutes.

The person trying to log into your account had the following IP address: 96.47.226.20

Don't forget that the password is case sensitive. Forgotten your password? Use the link below:
http://forums.lylemcdonald.com//login.php?do=lostpw

All the best,
BodyRecomposition Support Forums"
You'll never guess my password.

2) Read THIS (everything turned out O.K. in the end!)

3) Read THIS (warning, very strong language!).

I show no mercy to internet eejits. You have been warned!

EDIT: Alan Aragon fully supports Evelyn Kocur (CarbSane). Therefore, anyone who attacks Evelyn must also attack Alan, otherwise they are a hypocrite. Good luck with that!

Quality >> Quantity.

Mum passed away peacefully in the middle of the night. I'm waiting for paperwork to be done.

"And the best you can hope for is to die in your sleep."

On the internet, I read that Dementia with Lewy bodies has a mean survival time of 6 years from the onset of symptoms. Mum first became confused in mid-July 2007, so it's been just under 6 years. Does this mean that all of the supplements I gave her were worthless. Hell, no!

As mentioned in Look after your brain., mum's MMSE score increased from 14 to 26 out of 30 after taking medication and supplements. The medication gave a 3 point increase in MMSE score on average, so the rest of the increase in MMSE score was probably due to the supplements, which had no undesirable side-effects.

On Christmas day 2008, mum was capable of preparing Brussels sprouts for cooking, though she got the knives, forks & spoons mixed up when she tried to lay the table. Here's her final Christmas at home. Roast duck with all of the trimmings. Om, nom, nom!

Mum's last Christmas at home.

People commented on how happy mum always was. Even though she probably didn't know who she was or I was, when I said "Fancy a cup of tea, mum?", she'd reply "Ooh yes, please!" That was the last part of her speech to go.

In conclusion, I believe that quality of life trumps quantity of life, so supplementation for the win.

Politics, Religion and Diet.

Three subjects that people love to argue about, as they are about beliefs ;-)

Human population vs Year.

 

Politics:

In Palaeolithic times, there weren't many people living on this planet. People hunted and gathered their food, and had relatively non-hierarchical, egalitarian social structures. According to archaeologists, violence in hunter-gatherer societies was ubiquitous. Approximately 25% to 30% of adult male deaths in these societies were due to homicide, compared to an upper estimate of 3% of all deaths in the 20th century. The cause of this is near constant tribal warfare: "From the !Kung in the Kalahari to the Inuit in the Arctic and the aborigines in Australia, two-thirds of modern hunter-gatherers are in a state of almost constant tribal warfare, and nearly 90% go to war at least once a year." However, due to the extremely low population back then, extremely few people were killed in absolute terms. Then, around 10,000 BC, some bright spark/bulb invented agriculture...

Fast-forward a few thousand years to the time of Genghis Khan. He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of north-east Asia. The Mongol invasions resulted in wholesale massacres of civilian populations. His descendants went on to stretch the Mongol Empire across most of Eurasia by conquering or creating vassal states out of all of modern-day China, Korea, the Caucasus, Central Asian countries, and substantial portions of modern Eastern Europe, Russia and the Middle East. Many of these invasions repeated the earlier large-scale slaughters of local populations. However, due to the low population (around 300 million), few people were killed in absolute terms. Then, around 1,600 AD, some bright spark/bulb invented government...

As mentioned in How did we get to where we are today? Part 2., the invention of liberal government encouraged the exchange of ideas and entrepreneurship. Monarchies taxed people, but their bureaucracies stifled entrepreneurship, so the French and the Chinese invented loads of stuff that never saw the light of day. We Brits got lucky. As a result, the Industrial Revolution created wealth out of dirt, which led to rapid economic growth and rapid population growth. The Green Revolution led to more rapid population growth.

Fast-forward to the 21st Century. Warfare has killed millions of people. Rulers have killed hundreds of millions of people (the vast majority by totalitarian & authoritarian regimes), according to Anarchy Begins at Home: The Blog Series Part 6 – Democide. However, due to the extremely high population, only approximately 5.6% of the total population have been killed by rulers. That's what I call relative peace.

EDIT: I don't want a system where entire populations can be slaughtered by armies led by a charismatic leader. I also don't want a system where the poor & underprivileged are "free" to die in poverty. Some people scrounge off Social Security, but the amount of money scrounged by them pales into insignificance compared to the amount of money scrounged off the rest of us by the wealthiest people on this planet.

 

Religion:

I'm not religious. I have no problem with people believing in God, as long as they have no problem with me not believing in God. A thought experiment that you may find interesting is God's Debris, by Scott Adams.

 

Diet:

Read the rest of my blog, dammit!

In other news...
Mum is now in a coma, but her breathing is regular.

Failure to communicate, civil wars and dim bulbs.

Hat-tip to marie (who's a very bright bulb indeed!) for the following video.


Whaz so civil 'bout war anyway?

The reason why I'm writing this is because there's (un)civil war on the internets between various "camps".

At any given moment:-
There are people who function physically & mentally at their best on VLC/Keto diets.
There are people who function physically & mentally at their best on LC diets.
There are people who function physically & mentally at their best on MC diets.
There are people who function physically & mentally at their best on HC diets.
There are people who function physically & mentally at their best on VHC diets.
As people's circumstances change, they move to a different category.

If you don't understand what I wrote above, you are a dim bulb.
If you think that insults can offend me, you are a dim bulb.
If you think that agreeing 90% with someone makes me an ass/arse-kisser, you are a dim bulb.
If you think that I'll take insults from you without retaliation, you are a dim bulb.
Sadly, due to the Dunning–Kruger effect, dim bulbs are too dim to know that they are dim bulbs!
If you are offended by anything that I wrote above, I don't care.

In other news...
Mum's condition has deteriorated to the point where she is unresponsive and no longer has a swallow reflex. It's just a matter of time before she dies. I've been prepared for this for quite some time.

Global Wealth Inequality - What you never knew you never knew.

Hat-tip to Johann Hari for the following video.


Wow, just wow.

How to lose body-fat healthily, Part 2.

Cont'd from How to lose body-fat healthily.

Remember the spoof video below?


I think that I've made it pretty damned clear in this blog that conscious Eat Less, Move More (ELMM) often fails, if the food eaten doesn't suit the person. There's also a brouhaha brewing over what the Paleo Diet is, as there's no one Paleo Diet. So, here's my suggestion for a "Healthy Eating" pamphlet.

Side 1: Base your diet on minimally-refined animal & vegetable produce. Manufactured food products can be eaten as occasional treats.

Side 2: If eating "X" makes you feel unwell, stop eating "X". If eating "X" makes you feel drowsy followed by hunger, you probably have Insulin Resistance.

See Insulin Resistance: Solutions to problems. for ways to reverse Insulin Resistance.

Doctor, every time I do *this*, it hurts!

The correct response is either:-

1) Go to hospital and get that broken finger fixed, or
2) Stop doing *that*!

There seem to be a lot of people out there who are having problems with wheat gluten (gliadin), casein and other proteins. As Matt Lalonde said in The Science Behind the Paleolithic Diet, some proteins are harder to digest than others.

Here's a hard to digest protein:-


It's raw albumin (egg white protein). As mentioned in As sure as Eggs is Eggs....., raw albumin is poorly absorbed, compared to cooked albumin. To digest the above protein requires peptidase enzymes (pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin) to break the peptide bonds. This has to be done from the outside inwards, so a large, heavily-folded protein takes a long time to break down into individual amino acids. Cooking albumin changes the 3-D structure - this is called denaturing. Cooked albumin digests much faster than raw albumin, which is why it's much better absorbed. Cooked proteins are generally faster to digest than raw proteins, unless they're burned to a crisp on a barbecue!

In a person with a healthy gut, partially-digested proteins are not absorbed, as the molecules are too large to pass through the tight junctions in the small intestine. They just ferment, producing malodorous wind. In a person with impaired gut permeability, partially-digested proteins pass through the loose junctions and get into the blood, provoking an immune response. This is not good, so Keep 'em tight.

People who suffer ill-effects after eating certain proteins may either have the wrong genes (e.g. coeliac disease), or have impaired gut permeability. The former isn't fixable but the latter may be. In the meantime, if eating "X" hurts, don't eat "X"!

The Comfy Chair?

Because nobody expects...


I'm writing this post lounging like a lounge-lizard on a comfy three-seater sofa. When I'm driving from A to B, I'm sitting in a comfy chair. Basically, I have a cushy life. I go for a walk in the evenings and I go to many music events, but as I'm (a bit of) an information junkie, I spend many happy hours on-line, lounging on my sofa. My bad.

Thanks to technology and energy, many of us have labour-saving devices and horseless carriages. Therefore, many of us don't burn much energy from doing hard physical work and from having to walk everywhere.

Therefore, to maintain energy balance, many of us have to eat little food energy to maintain a reasonable weight and body composition. To get all of the vitamins*, minerals, fibre/fiber etc required for good health from little food energy requires the consumption of foods with high nutrient densities. You know where this is going, don't you?

*Except for Vitamin D, which requires sensible sun exposure between the end of March and the end of September when your shadow is shorter than you are.

If you enjoy irony, see What Did You Expect? Coca-Cola's Newest Anti-Obesity Ad Blames Chairs, Not Coke.

P.S. According to the BBC TV series "QI", the Spanish Inquisition gave thirty days notice of their arrival. Therefore, according to "QI", everybody expected the Spanish Inquisition!

P.P.S. As a cushy life results in muscles burning carbohydrate at a low rate, sedentary people are better-off eating less carbohydrates. See 10 Rules New Low-Carb Dieters Should Follow.

Use and abuse of technology and energy.

Take a look at the picture below.

Samsung Galaxy S vs iPhone 4

Using technology and energy: Oil, ores, minerals and sand are turned into plastics, metals, ceramics and glasses. The latter cost and are worth more than the former. Using more technology and energy: Plastics, metals, ceramics and glasses are turned into smart-phones, computers, TV sets, cars, planes, musical instruments, w.h.y. The latter cost and are worth more than the former. Creating gizmos creates wealth and increases value.

Take a look at the picture below (hat-tip to Beth Mazur).

You know who is really leaning in? Little Debbie. We have enough crap to eat. Dial it back a little.

Using technology and energy: Produce are turned into crap-in-a-bag/box/bottle (CIAB). The latter cost more than the former but are worth less, as nutritional value has been reduced. Creating CIAB creates wealth but decreases value.

I would like there to be more production of gizmos and less production of CIAB.

Musings on the Paleo Diet.

Would you ask the man below for advice on how to give up alcohol?

I recently read Patients less likely to trust and listen to overweight doctors, which mentioned Mark Sisson. Sisson and Robb Wolf are good representatives for the Paleo Diet. Some are bad representatives for the Paleo Diet due to poor physical condition or abrasive personality.

The Paleo Diet gets flak from scientists like Marlene Zuk and Christina Warinner and it was criticised in The Paleo Diet (hat-tip to Melissa McEwen).

The thing is that people don't need to eat a Palaeolithic diet to be 90% free from degenerative diseases. A mere 150 years ago, Mid-Victorian Brits who didn't die in childhood managed to live to a ripe old age, as cheap sugar imports, junk food, labour-saving devices and horseless carriages hadn't yet been invented.

Just Eat Real Food.

Everyone is Different, Part 3.

Cont'd from Everyone is Different, Part 2.

Hat-tip to Bill Lagakos, whose article Missing: 300 kilocalories reminded me of the following graphic from Effects of Dietary Composition During Weight Loss Maintenance: A Controlled Feeding Study.

Lo and behold, even when subjects are bribed to stick to the diets that they are provided with, the effect of eating those diets varies hugely.

So, people like ItsTheWoo and Petro Dobromylskyj (yes, I have to copy and paste the name from his site every freakin' time!) rave about how awful carbs are, while people like Go Kaleo and Matt Stone rave about how awesome carbs are.

Everyone is different for a number of reasons, some of which are unchangeable and some of which are changeable. We can't change our birth weight, what our mums ate when we were in the womb or the chemicals that we were exposed to in the past. We can't change our genes, but we can change the expression of our genes by changing diet, activity and even supplementation. See Influence of Vitamin D Status and Vitamin D₃ Supplementation on Genome Wide Expression of White Blood Cells: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Continued on Bray et al shows that a calorie *is* a calorie (where weight is concerned)

How the Mid-Victorians Worked, Ate and Died.

Hat-tip to Prof. Tim Noakes, who recently tweeted the above study.

See How the Mid-Victorians Worked, Ate and Died.

"The crude average figures often used to depict the brevity of Victorian lives mislead because they include infant mortality, which was tragically high. If we strip out peri-natal mortality, however, and look at the life expectancy of those who survived the first five years, a very different picture emerges. Victorian contemporary sources reveal that life expectancy for adults in the mid-Victorian period was almost exactly what it is today.
.
.
From 1875 on and especially after 1885, rising imports of cheap food basics were increasingly affecting the food chain at home. Imported North American wheat and new milling techniques reduced the prices of white flour and bread. Tinned meat arrived from the Argentine, Australia and New Zealand, which was cheaper than either home-produced or refrigerated fresh meat also arriving from these sources. Canned fruit and condensed milk became widely available.

This expansion in the range of foods was advertised by most contemporaries, and by subsequent historians, as representing a significant ‘improvement’ in the working class diet. The reality was very different. These changes undoubtedly increased the variety and quantity of the working class diet, but its quality deteriorated markedly. The imported canned meats were fatty and usually ‘corned’ or salted. Cheaper sugar promoted a huge increase in sugar consumption in confectionery, now mass-produced for the first time, and in the new processed foods such as sugar-laden condensed milk, and canned fruits bathed in heavy syrup. The increased sugar consumption caused such damage to the nation’s teeth that by 1900 it was commonly noted that people could no longer chew tough foods and were unable to eat many vegetables, fruits and nuts [26]. For all these reasons the late-Victorian diet actually damaged the health of the nation, and the health of the working classes in particular.

The decline was astonishingly rapid..."

See also Who Lives Longest? (h/t to Melissa McEwen)

Everyone is Different, Part 2.

Cont'd from We are not all the same.

A long, long time ago...


I learned that Everyone is Different, thanks to a study by Julia H. Goedecke, Alan St Clair Gibson, Liesl Grobler, Malcolm Collins, Timothy D. Noakes and Estelle V. Lambert.

Well, stone the flamin' crows! Timothy D. Noakes' name just popped up in Alan Aragon's article 2013 NSCA Personal Trainers Conference: Looking Back at my Debate with Dr. Jeff Volek. Dr. Noakes has had problems with his blood glucose level and has adopted a very-low-carb/ketogenic diet.

What also caught my eye in Alan Aragon's article was (Note: TTE = Time To Exhaustion):-
"However, the authors’ conclusion is misleading since 2 of the 5 subjects experienced substantial drops in endurance capacity (48 and 51-minute declines in TTE, to be exact). One of the subjects had a freakishly high 84-minute increase in TTE, while the other increases were 3 and 30 minutes."

I expect that the subjects with 84 and 30 minute increases in TTE would be praising ketogenic diets, whereas the subjects with 48 and 51 minute declines in TTE would be cursing them and the subject with 3 minutes increase would be "Meh". Vive la difference!

Also note that sprint capability...remained constrained during the period of carbohydrate restriction. As mentioned in It's all in a day's work (as measured in Joules), exercise above a certain intensity (~85%VO2max) burns significant amounts of carbs, no matter how fat-adapted someone is.

Cont'd on Everyone is Different, Part 3.

Nothing to report, so...

...here's a YouTube video of me singing "The time of my life" by Bill Medley & Jennifer Warnes, backed by Jukebox at the Falkners Arms in Fleet on 1st February 2013.

EDIT: As the old video got deleted, I have replaced it with one produced on 5th February 2014 at the Tickled Ivory Piano Bar in Guildford.